Most anatomical images show the three thoracic splanchnic nerves piercing the diaphragmatic crura along three distinct superinterest sites. However, a study of corpses in humans found that these three nerves most often pierce each diaphragmatic cirrus through a single site, from which the three nerves then diverge to achieve their goals.6 The pelvis receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation from the branches of the splanchnic nerves. Sympathetic innervation comes from the T12 to L2 roots, called sacred splanchnic nerves. The parasympathetic component comes from the roots S2 to S4 and is more common under the name of nerve splanchnicus pectoris. [10] The pelvic planchnic nerves provide parasympathetic innervation of the pelvic intestines and then connect to the lower hypogastric vessels, providing branches that give innervation to the bladder`s fundus, vas deferens, and spermatic cord, all of which are explicitly fed by the vesicular plexus, the anterior part of the pelvic plexus. It also branches into the plexus of the prostate, which supplies the prostate, the cavernous bodies of the penis and the urethra. This branch later provides the fibrous sheath of the penis. In women, the splanchnicus pectoris nerve of the pelvis provides branches to supply the walls of the vagina, clitoris and cavernous body of the vestibule. [9] I didn`t have the courage to stand there and tell her that she would never see her father again on this side of the mother-of-pearl doors.
Because many branches of the splanchnic nerves control the stool, any iatrogenic error when surgically cutting off the splanchnic nerves can lead to a loss of bowel control. [4] Since splanchnic nerves are also involved in cases of high blood pressure, the resulting orthostatic hypertension could also occur. [4] The aortic plexus is located at the front and sides of the abdominal aorta between the origins of the upper and lower mesenteric arteries. There is general agreement on the constitution of the aortic plexus of pre- and post-instrumental nerve fibers. It is essentially the benevolent care of the abdominal, pelvic and genitourinary organs. In post-mortem human male samples, four different sympathetic nodes in the aortic plexus were identified: the right and left seminal nodes, the inferior mesenteric ganglion, and the prehypogasterian lymph node. The seminal lymph nodes received L1 presynaptic nerves, while the lower mesenteric and prehypogastric lymph nodes received left and right L2 presynaptic nerves. These sensitive nerves of the aortic plexus are prone to accidental iatrogenic damage during retroperitoneal surgery; This threatens male fertility and the sympathetic functions of the organs supplied.17 The aortic plexus is connected to the upper hypogastric plexus, which is located at the fork of the abdominal aorta.
The branches of the lumbar and sacral-sympathetic chains form the upper hypogastric plexus. On the sacral promontory, this plexus divides into the right and left lower hypogastric (pelvic) plexuses, from which nerve fibers spread bilaterally to the pelvic vessels and organs.18 Splanchnic nerves can be divided into five different categories, including heart-lung nerves, thoracic splanchnic nerves (larger, smaller, and smaller), lumbar splanchnicus nerves, sacralis splanchnic nerves and pelvic planchnic nerves. The lumbar lplanchnic nerve provides sympathetic innervation to the glands and smooth muscles of the hind intestine and pelvic intestines. The colon and kidneys are the main targets of this nerve, with the pelvic plexus receiving contributions when the nerve ends in the lower mesenteric and hypogastric lymph nodes. [7] The vascular relationships of the right strain of the GSN with the azygos vein, in particular at their constituent tributaries: ascending lumbar and subcostal veins and with the thoracic canal in the posterior mediastinum have been studied in human corpses. The average distances between the right GSN and the azygos vein and the thoracic canal were 5.7 mm and 11.2 mm, respectively. These large venous and lymphatic vessels associated with GSN should essentially be respected at the time of celioscopic splanchnice to avoid the risk of bleeding.10 Lumbar splanchnic nerves originate from the sympathetic trunk and connect to the celiac, lower mesenteric, and upper hypogastral plexuses. [7] The first of the four lumbar splanchnic nerves originates from the first ganglion and branches into the celiac, mesenteric and inferior renal plexus, where the second of the four nerves originates from the second ganglion and connects to the intermesenteric intermesenteric plexus, also known as the inferior mesenteric plexus. [7] The third and fourth nerves connect to the upper hypogastric plexus, and both emerge from the fourth ganglion, with the third nerve also coming from the third ganglion. [7] The major splanchnic nerve passes through the diaphragm via the aortic pause and ends with the upper preamortic lymph nodes, commonly known as celiac lymph nodes. The postsynaptic fibers then travel to the organs of the forelimb like a plexus of celiac disease.
[4] Splanchnic nerves are bilateral visceral autonomic nerves. The thoracic, lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves have a sympathetic function, while the pelvic planchnic nerves are parasympathetic. These nerves have links with celiac disease, aortic, mesenteric, hypogastria and pelvic plexus. They control the functions of the intestinal and pelvic organs. Splanchnicectomies are performed at some point to relieve persistent abdominal and pelvic pain. It was also a problem that lifted the hair and required every gram of nerves and every particle of dexterity that the boy possessed. The major splanchnic nerve occurs bilaterally and carries both afferent and efferent fibers. [4] Its efferent fibers come from the lateral gray horn of the chest and have fibers that come from the T5-9 level. [4] The afferent pathway of the major splanchnic nerve uses white communicating rummy, ventral rummy, and spinhidian nerves to relay sensory information to the spinothalamic tract, which then ends in the brain. [4] The sacral splanchnic nerve provides motor and sensory information for the hind leg, foot, lower leg, skin, and pelvic muscles. The main branches of the sacral splanchnic nerve include the upper gluteal nerve, lower buttocks, sciatica, posterior cutaneous and pudendal. The splanchnicus pectoris nerve of the pelvis carries the parasympathetic fibers and ensures the innervation of the distal third of the transverse thickening intestine to the sigmoid colon and rectum as well as the cervix and upper vagina.
[9] Laparoscopic studies of the roots of the sacral nerve in women showed sensitive fibers escaping from the sacral roots S2, S3 and probably S4 to form the splanchnicus of the pelvic nerve (PSN) on either side.20u201222 Another laparoscopic sudy in adult male carcasses reported that the PSN (or erectnite nerve) of the primary ventral rummy of the second, third and often fourth sacred nerves; Provision of pre-instrumental parasympathetic innervation for the hind intestine. The sacral splanchnic nerves emerged from the sacral sympathetic trunks, connected to the pelvic planchnic nerves, and then joined the right and left lower (pelvic) hypogastric plexus.23 In patients undergoing surgical treatment for cervical cancer, an iatrogenic type error is that the pelvic planchnic nerves are damaged during this procedure. [12] They are often spliced during resection. So, the suggestion is that when patients undergo surgical treatment for this condition, surgeons perform intraoperative electrical stimulation of the roots of the pelvic nerves to ensure that they are intact and functioning properly. [13] If they do not function properly or are damaged during the procedure, the patient may experience loss of bowel control, constipation, abdominal and pelvic pain, and other symptoms. [13] To add another point to this success, he knew that the winner of Montebello was straining all the nerves to win exactly this prize. .